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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:41 am
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Results for discrimination in juvenile justice administration
9 results foundAuthor: Orchowsky, Stan Title: A Review of the Status of Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Efforts in Iowa and Virginia Summary: In 2007, the Justice Research and Statistics Association (JRSA) began a project funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to examine the strategies that have been implemented in Iowa and Virginia to reduce disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in the states’ juvenile justice systems. We were especially interested in using these states as case studies of how states and localities are utilizing empirical information to: (1) identify the extent and nature of the DMC problem; and (2) assess the effectiveness of their efforts to reduce DMC. In each state, we sought to examine both state-level efforts, as well as ongoing efforts in two targeted localities (Johnson and Linn counties in Iowa, and the cities of Newport News and Norfolk in Virginia), to address DMC. To accomplish the goal of the project, staff examined all available documents relating to DMC in both states, with a particular focus on those produced in the last five years. We also conducted interviews with state and local stakeholders in both states and attended meetings of local planning groups addressing DMC issues. We sought data from both states and were able to obtain data from Iowa, which were used to illustrate how local DMC initiatives could be assessed. In October of 2008, JRSA released an interim report on our findings to date (Poulin, Iwama & Orchowsky, 2008). The current report summarizes the overall findings, conclusions and recommendations of our effort. It builds on the findings presented in the interim report and further work that has been done since that report was released. Details: Washington, DC: Justice Research and Statistics Association, 2010. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2010 at: http://jrsa.org/pubs/reports/dmc-final-report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://jrsa.org/pubs/reports/dmc-final-report.pdf Shelf Number: 119683 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationCosts of Criminal JusticeDiscrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationJuvenile DetentionJuvenile Justice ReformJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile OffendersJuvenile Offenders (Tasmania, Australia)Minority GroupsRace and Crime |
Author: Leiber, Michael J. Title: Race and Detention Decision Making and the Impact on Juvenile Court Outcomes in Black Hawk County, Iowa Summary: In the early summer of 2005, Michael Leiber met with juvenile court personnel from Black Hawk County to discuss the possibility of conducting a detailed study of detention in their jurisdiction. The initiative for the study came from the Court itself due to concerns about the number of detained youth, particularly minorities. A detailed inquiry into the use of detention, the types of detention used, for what and whom, had not been previously conducted. After gaining judicial permission, Leiber agreed to examine detention decision-making in Black Hawk County and its impact on juvenile justice decision-making. Data were manually collected from case files in Black Hawk County covering referrals to juvenile court and the North Iowa Detention facility from 2003 through 2004. Aggregate information was also used that represented the number of detention referrals for the years 1990 through 2004. This report presents the findings of this investigation. Details: Richmond, VA: Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007. 148p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 2, 2010 at: http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Enrcfcp/dmcrc/documents/DetentionFinalLeiberReport.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Enrcfcp/dmcrc/documents/DetentionFinalLeiberReport.pdf Shelf Number: 119724 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationJuvenile DetentionJuvenile Justice, Administration ofRace |
Author: Allard, Troy Title: The Use and Impact of Police Diversion for Reducing Indigenous Over-Representation Summary: This report presents the findings of a project that explored whether there was disparity in the use of police diversion based on Indigenous status and whether the impact of police diversion varied based on Indigenous status. While police cautioning and police referred conferencing are widely used throughout Australia, few studies have explored whether there is disparity in the use or impact of these diversionary processes. Limited evidence suggests that Indigenous young people are less likely to be diverted than non-Indigenous young people and that Indigenous young people are more likely to have recontact than non-Indigenous young people, regardless of the juvenile justice system response. Given that Indigenous over-representation is a perennial problem in the justice system, the current project addressed three research questions: RQ1: What is the extent of Indigenous over-representation in the Queensland juvenile justice system? RQ2: Are Indigenous young people less likely to be diverted by police to a caution or conference than non-Indigenous young people? RQ3: How effective is police diversion at reducing recontact with the juvenile justice system? Addressing these research questions will provide an understanding about whether an increased proportion of Indigenous people could be diverted and whether police diversionary practices could be used to reduce Indigenous over-representation and begin to ‘close the gap’ on Indigenous over-representation in the justice system. Details: Mt. Gravatt, Australia: Griffith University, Justice Modelling, 2009. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Report to the Criminology Research Council: Grant: CRC 15/07-08: Accessed October 14, 2010 at: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/15-0708.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/15-0708.pdf Shelf Number: 119959 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationIndigenous PeoplesJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Leonardson, Gary R. Title: Assessment of Disproportionate Minority Contact in South Dakota Summary: Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) has been documented in research over the past three decades. In many studies, racial disparities have been found within various stages of the juvenile justice system. The results of the most recent research differ from the previous DMC reviews in that a greater proportion of the recent studies showed inconclusive results. Research that is more recent has used multiple factors with more sophisticated research and statistical techniques, while earlier studies mainly focused on ethnicity. Factors, besides the differential handling of minority youth, which have been found to be related to confinement or other decisions in the juvenile justice system are: gender, geography, age, prior criminal history, family factors, peers, experiences in school, differential offending of minority youth, differential opportunities for prevention and treatment, substance abuse, and related factors. An effective and comprehensive DMC assessment must consider multiple factors and use varied research methods. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the current analyses of DMC in South Dakota. Focus group methodology was the qualitative procedure employed, and various univariate and multivariate statistical procedures were used for the quantitative analyses of the available data. Quantitative Findings -- · Native Americans are more likely to be arrested. · Native Americans are more likely to be detained after arrested. · No difference by race was found in adjudicated/not adjudicated. · Native Americans are more likely to be adjudicated to DOC. · No difference by race was found in detention time for those adjudicated. · No difference by race was found in incarceration time for those adjudicated. · No difference by race was found in probation time for those adjudicated. · No difference by race was found in community service time for those adjudicated. · No difference by race was found in fine amount for those adjudicated. · No difference by race was found in restitution amount for those adjudicated. · No difference by race was found in driver’s license suspension time for those adjudicated. · No difference by race was found in placement in secure or non-secure facilities after commitment to DOC. · No difference by race was found in out-of-state placements of DOC clients in secure facilities. · No difference by race was found in any out-of-state placements of DOC clients. · No difference by race was found in secure placements of DOC clients after revocation. Qualitative Findings -- Focus groups are effective because they tap into common human interactions and tendencies. Attitudes and perceptions about common or complex concepts are developed in part by interactions with other people. In order to gain understanding of attitudes and perceptions, focus group methodology has been employed by many researchers. This methodology is a popular qualitative assessment technique that provides information that is difficult to assess through analysis of data sets or formal questionnaires, and it has been used to assess reasons for DMC. Focus groups were conducted at four locations across the state with 92 participants in 12 groups. One-half of the 12 focus groups were with youth in the juvenile justice system (e.g., probation, DOC commitments, etc.). Three focus groups were conducted with criminal justice practitioners such as judges, police department and sheriff’s office personnel, Court Service Officers (CSO) and Juvenile Corrections Agents (JCA). Additionally, three groups of parents who have adolescents in the system and providers of youth services were part of the focus group procedure. While most people tended to view multiple reasons for DMC (e.g., economics, racial and ethnic biases, family structure, gangs, substance abuse, loss of identity, etc.), some held that racial prejudice by practitioners (i.e., law enforcement, judges, etc.) was the prime reason. Others felt that the social system in general was biased, limiting the opportunities for minorities in the areas of employment, education, economic development and related areas. However, minority youth in the focus groups appeared to see less racial/ethnic bias in the juvenile justice system than did participants in the parent/provider groups. The reasons given for DMC in South Dakota include: · Prejudice or biased treatment of minorities. · Close scrutiny of law enforcement and store owners/staff of minority adolescents. · Differences in laws, mores, and cultural values between reservation and non-reservation areas. · Cultural differences concerning the importance of formal education between whites and other groups. · Greater numbers of single parent families, resulting in lack of structure in minority families. · Truancy and dropout rates are believed to be higher in minorities. · Substance abuse is viewed as higher among minority adolescents. · Excessive gang membership by minority juveniles. · Poverty and unemployment was thought to be higher in minority groups. Solutions to DMC and/or Delinquency in General: · Cultural sensitivity/diversity training for persons in the juvenile justice system. · Hire more minority staff members throughout the juvenile justice system. · Mentoring programs which match responsible adults with adolescents in need. · Tribal truancy courts. · Better communication between leaders of reservation communities and nearby or magnate non-reservations communities. · Teach traditional Native American culture to urban Indians. · Teach parenting skills, including making parents responsible for the actions of their children. · More and better services in the areas of advocacy, counseling, parenting, education, intervention, treatment, and related areas. · Use the strengths of Native American and other minority cultures in dealing with problems of delinquency. Intervention Programs found to be Helpful in Ameliorating DMC or Delinquency in General · Mentoring programs · Dropout prevention programs · Home visitation programs · After school recreation programs · Gang resistance training programs Details: Dillon, MT: Mountain Plains Research and Evaluation, 2005. 108p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2011 at: http://doc.sd.gov/about/grants/documents/FullDMCReportFinal.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United States URL: http://doc.sd.gov/about/grants/documents/FullDMCReportFinal.pdf Shelf Number: 121200 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationDisproportionate Minority ContactJuvenile CorrectionsJuvenile Justice Systems (South Dakota)Minorities |
Author: Scussel, David E. Title: Disproportionate Minority Contact Summary: According to 2009 population statistics gathered by New Mexico’s Children Youth and Family Department (CYFD), minority youth represent 67% of the total youth population in New Mexico. Minority youth are 1.7 times more likely than white youth to be arrested for an offense, and 20% less likely than white youth to have their case diverted from the court system. State statistics present a broad picture of DMC in the juvenile justice system; however, every jurisdiction has their specific issues regarding DMC, and DMC issues should be addressed accordingly. CYFD also provides juvenile population statistics at the county level, which are beyond the scope of this literature review and so are not discussed here. New Mexico is actively addressing issues of DMC. New Mexico has established a steering committee named the DMC Blue Ribbon Panel. The panel has set and established goals to identify, assess, intervene, evaluate, and monitor DMC in New Mexico. The goals of the panel are to collaborate with higher educational institutions for continued research and evaluation of DMC, enhance public awareness and education regarding DMC, implement prevention and early intervention tactics for at-risk youth, monitor and identify data trends, and enhance the cultural competence of law enforcement officers. Details: Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Sentencing Commission, 2010. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://nmsc.unm.edu/nmsc_reports/ Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://nmsc.unm.edu/nmsc_reports/ Shelf Number: 121218 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationDisproportionate Minority Contact (New Mexico)Juvenile DetentionJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Richetelli, Dorinda M. Title: A Second Reassessment of Disproportionate Minority Contact in Connecticut’s Juvenile Justice System Summary: A major issue facing juvenile justice practitioners and policymakers across the country is disproportionality and disparate treatment of racial and ethnic minority youth in the juvenile justice system. Various studies conducted across the nation on disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system have found that: Racial and ethnic minorities are often greatly overrepresented in the juvenile justice system. The observed disproportionality cannot be explained by differences in delinquent behavior across racial and ethnic groups. Disparities were found in system processing of minority youth, even when controlling for social and legal background variables. The role of race/ethnicity in the processing of minority vs. White youth often varies by the offense type, the decision point within the system, and location. This is the third study in the State of Connecticut that examines disproportionate minority contact in the state’s juvenile justice system. The major goals for this study were to determine: What differences, if any, exist in decisions made for Black, Hispanic and White juveniles who are processed for similar types of offenses (e.g., Serious Juvenile Offenses, non-SJO felonies, misdemeanors, and violations) as they move through the juvenile justice system. If observed differences remain when controlling for offender and offense characteristics or are neutralized by predictor variables. If the system has improved in those areas found to be problematic in the two prior studies. The study assesses decisions made by the three components of the juvenile justice system: the police, Juvenile Court, and the Department of Children and Families. Details: Hartford, CT: Office of Policy and Management, Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division, 2009. 75p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 13, 2011 at: http://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjjjyd/jjydpublications/final_report_dmc_study_may_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjjjyd/jjydpublications/final_report_dmc_study_may_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 121328 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile Offenders (Connecticut)Minority GroupsRacial Disparities |
Author: Rahimi, Sahdi Title: Stopping the Rail to Jail Summary: This report describes how youth flow directly from schools, foster care, mental health and other failed child-serving systems to juvenile jails. Details: Oakland, CA: Community Justice Network for Youth, W. Haywood Burns Institute, 2011. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 11, 2011 at: http://www.burnsinstitute.org/downloads/CJNY%20Publication.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.burnsinstitute.org/downloads/CJNY%20Publication.pdf Shelf Number: 121715 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Arya, Neelum Title: America’s Invisible Children: Latino Youth and the Failure of Justice Summary: This report focuses on Latino youth in the justice system. In addition to providing the latest facts about Latino youth in the U.S. justice system, the report highlights promising solutions and policy recommendations to reduce the disparities. Details: Washington, DC: Campaign for Youth Justice, 2009. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Brief, Race and Ethnicity Series Vol. 3: Accessed October 4, 2011 at: http://cfyj.org/documents/CFYJPB_InvisibleChildren.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://cfyj.org/documents/CFYJPB_InvisibleChildren.pdf Shelf Number: 114889 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationJuvenile Justice System (U.S.)Juvenile OffendersLatinosMinority Youth |
Author: Lind, Bonnie K. Title: Does Race/Ethnicity Affect Criminal Case Disposition of Juveniles in Canyon County? Results of Disproportionate Minority Contact Analysis Summary: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDP) defines basic protections for juveniles who become involved in the juvenile justice system. States participating in the JJDP Act voluntarily agree to provide and monitor these protections. One core protection of the JJDP Act is to investigate and address Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) in the juvenile justice system where it exists. The DMC protection requires States to ascertain whether juveniles who are members of minority racial/ethnic groups are overrepresented at various decision points. The primary statistic used to measure this indicator is called the Relative Rate Index (RRI). The RRI is a comparison of the volume of activity at various stages in the juvenile justice system; it is not a calculation of the odds of a youth moving to the next stage of the system. The RRI provides a method of comparison using a single index number that indicates the extent to which the volume of that form of contact or activity is different for minority, or Non-White, youth from White youth. The RRI is similar to vital signs in a health care setting. It can guide observers to a general area, but taken alone, it cannot identify whether a problem exists that needs to be addressed through an intervention. The RRI compares the rate of occurrence for White youth to the rate of occurrence for all Non-White youth. If the RRI is 1.00, then the rate of occurrence for White youth is similar to the rate of occurrence for all Non-White youth. If the RRI is greater than 1.00, then the rate of occurrence for Non-White youth is higher than the rate of occurrence for White youth. If the RRI is less than 1.00, then the rate of occurrence for White youth is higher than the rate of occurrence for Non-White youth. In 2005, the RRI showed that Hispanic or Latino youths in Canyon County were almost twice as likely to be arrested as White youths, and they were 38% more likely to be sent to secure detention. Hispanic youths were also 81% more likely than White youths to be sent to a juvenile correctional facility. Based on these indications, additional data were collected and analyzed in order to determine whether the ratios that differ from 1.0 represent racial bias in the treatment of juveniles or whether disparities reflect differences in crime characteristics such as the seriousness of crimes committed, gang membership, and use of a weapon. These analyses can be used to plan community interventions targeting identified areas of concern. This report presents the results of analyses considering these additional factors. Details: Boise, ID: Center for Health Policy, Boise State University, 2010. 10p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2012 at http://www.ijjc.idaho.gov/Portals/0/Final%20DMC%20Report%201-13-2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.ijjc.idaho.gov/Portals/0/Final%20DMC%20Report%201-13-2010.pdf Shelf Number: 126701 Keywords: Discrimination in Juvenile Justice AdministrationDiscrimination in the Juvenile Justice SystemDisproportionate Minority Contact (Idaho)Juvenile OffendersMinoritiesRace/Ethnicity |